According to a congressional aide, the US President told Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi (pictured below) that as a "good Catholic" she should get behind his plans.
A closed-door meeting between Trump and congressional leaders has led to no further progress over the partial government shutdown.
Talks will resume on Friday amid an impasse over the President's demand for billions of dollars to build a wall along the US border with Mexico.
The Democrats, who will take control of the US congress when it reconvenes on Thursday, have insisted they won't provide funds for the wall.
In an interview with NBC's Today show, Ms Pelosi said: "Nothing for the wall.
"We can go through the back and forth. No. How many more times can we say no?"
Mr Trump has mentioned the Vatican's centuries-old fortifications before, including at the earlier Cabinet meeting. But Democrats have said they do not want medieval barriers, and Ms Pelosi has called Mr Trump's proposed wall along the US-Mexico border immoral.
"I remain ready and willing to work with Democrats," Mr Trump tweeted after the meeting. "Let's get it done!"
Stay up to date with the latest news stories from a Christian perspective. Sign up to our daily newsletter and receive more stories like this straight to your inbox every morning.
