Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin from Moscow responded after a Russian theologian claimed he should be held to account after the Meteor M 2-1 weather satellite failed to enter orbit.
Andrei Kurayev told the Govorit Moskva radio station: "It is very strange that the Church seemingly offers services but is never held liable for the quality of these services."
Eighteen micro-satellites from seven countries were also on-board a Soyuz-2 booster rocket which was launched from the new Vostochyn cosmodrome in the Russian Far East after being blessed by Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin.
Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin said the claim he was responsible for the satellite launch failure amounted to "quasi-Christian paganism", during an interview with the Nation News website.
Meanwhile, the Russian Roscosmos space agency said it was working to establish what had happened after contact was lost with the Meteor M 2-1 satellite.
Another Russian Orthodox Church priest was quoted by the RIA Novosti news agency as defending Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin, saying: "Let's put it this way: if you bless a car that has an empty gas tank, it won't start."
"We address our prayers to God, but that doesn't rule out the possibility of human error or breakages."