Francis will receive the politician on Wednesday after he attends a conference in Milan.
It is expected the meeting will be private and the Holy Father could use the opportunity to bring up the situation in Ukraine.
The Pope has not spoken to the Russian president since November 2013, several months before violence erupted in Ukraine.
Vladimir Putin has been sanctioned by the European Union and United Nations for the annexation of Crimea by Russia and for arming Ukrainian rebels, something he denies.
In February the Pope blasted the war in Ukraine as a "disgrace".
He said it was a "war between Christians".
"When I hear the words 'victory' or 'defeat' I feel a great pain, a great sadness fills my heart, the only right world is 'peace'," he added.