The group, whose ages range from a child of four to adults in their 40s, were arrested on 4th November 2017 when police raided the house where they were sheltering in Shenyang, northeast China.
According to the father of the four year-old child, they were forcibly repatriated to North Korea a few days ago.
CSW said he had appealed to the Chinese authorities not to return his wife and child to North Korea.
The charity strongly criticised China for its actions.
Benedict Rogers, East Asia Team Leader at CSW, said: "This is an absolutely inhumane decision by China and a gross violation of the international principle of non-refoulement.
"We call on the international community to take steps to convey its outrage to China over this extreme cruelty, and to ensure that North Korea refrains from any repercussions against these ten individuals."
Rogers added that China needs to review why it sent the group back to North Korea and should stop "violations of international norms".
He said: "China's decision in this and previous cases make it an accomplice to North Korea's crimes against humanity."
In 2014, The UN Commission of Inquiry on human rights in North Korea found that "the gravity, scale and nature" of human rights violations in North Korea "reveal a State that does not have any parallel in the contemporary world".
The Chinese government has a policy of forcibly repatriating North Korean defectors within its borders, despite the fact that this puts the returnees at risk of death or imprisonment in the country's network of brutal prison camps.
