The clergyman, who is part of the unregistered Catholic Church, was reportedly kidnapped last month.
Relations between China and the Vatican have been strained for many years.
The Vatican's churches in the country aren't recognised by the state and leaders and worshippers often face discrimination.
Christian peer Lord Alton raised the issue of Bishop Vincent in parliament and asked the government what information it has on his disappearance.
In a written answer, Lord Ahmed, a minister in the Foreign Office, said: "We are aware of reports that Bishop Vincent Guo Xijin was detained by the Chinese Authorities on 26 March. My officials continue to monitor his case and seek further information about his whereabouts and condition.
"We regularly raise our concerns about human rights with the Chinese Authorities. The Prime Minister raised human rights when she visited China earlier this year. We last raised freedom of religion or belief at the UK-China human rights dialogue, which was held in Beijing on 27 June 2017. We also issued an Item 4 statement at the 35th UN Human Rights Council in the same month reiterating our concerns."
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