Heather Cook quit her position in the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland taking her back to a layperson.
She had been the second-highest ranking Episcopal leader in Maryland.
The Church said Ms Cook's resignation means it will drop disciplinary proceedings against her.
The former bishop is due to go on trial in June accused of vehicular manslaughter, drunken driving and distracted driving.
In December 2014 cyclist Tom Palermo was hit by a car and killed. Ms Cook denies the charges.
Her lawyer, David Irwin, confirmed her resignation: "She will no longer function as an ordained person in the Episcopal Church.
"More importantly on behalf of Ms. Cook, we continue to express our deepest sympathy and regret to the Palermo family for their tragic loss."