Two people allegedly stole two crowns and an orb used by King Karl IX and Queen Kristina from a Strangnas Cathedral where they were on display, police said in a statement.
The items had previously been stored in their tomb.
It is believed the thieves then fled via the vast system of lakes west of Stockholm.
Police have been searching for the culprits with a helicopter and boats, but no arrests have been made.
Maria Ellior, of the Swedish police's National Operations Department, told Sweden's TT news agency the items are "impossible to sell".
Tuesday's theft took place at Strangnas Cathedral, west of the capital.
Stay up to date with the latest news stories from a Christian perspective. Sign up to our daily newsletter and receive more stories like this straight to your inbox every morning.
