Most Rev Justin Welby wrote to delegates - representing most of the world's governments - who are attending the 23rd annual United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bonn.
He said the global Anglican community "supports your work to ensure that at [the summit] issues of climate change and global warming are recognised as an urgent priority requiring immediate attention.
"We are praying for the renewing of our world."
During the 13-day gathering, referred to as UN COP23, leaders are discussing how they plan to meet objectives of the Paris Agreement.
The 2015 deal, which committed to helping keep a global temperature rise this century well below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, has now been ratified by 169 countries.
President Donald Trump drew widespread criticism in June this year after announcing the United States would no longer be party to the agreement.
Director of Advocacy at the international Christian charity Tearfund, Ruth Valerio, said: "The Archbishop is absolutely right when he talks about the need for immediate attention in the battle against climate change.
"I see the effects climate change is having on the poorest people in the world every day. It is dragging many back into the clutches of poverty."
Tearfund has launched the Renew Our World campaign to highlight the dangers of climate change; more information can be found at www.renewourworld.net