The victim, believed to be in her 30s, remains in a critical condition in hospital after suffering suspected knife wounds.
The incident happened outside St Margaret's Church on Walsgrave Road in Coventry on Sunday, West Midlands Police said.
The woman was discovered at 3.15am with a stab wound to her abdomen.
A 26-year-old man from Coventry has now been arrested on suspicion of attempted murder and remains in police custody.
Officers are appealing for anyone with information to come forward.
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