Two unique copies of the Great Bible, commissioned by Henry VIII and Thomas Cromwell, have been reunited for the first time in nearly five centuries.

Produced in 1538–39, the Bibles were printed on parchment and hand-colored by Europe’s finest artists. As the first authorized English translations, they were central to Cromwell’s efforts to promote religious reform and gain the King’s support.

Now on display at the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, the books feature in the Treasures exhibition, described as a “once-in-a-lifetime opportunity” to view them side by side.

Researchers have used advanced technology, including 3D microscopy and DNA analysis, to uncover how the Bibles were adapted over time for political purposes.

In one copy, Cromwell had his portrait discreetly inserted on the title page, while another image was altered to resemble Jane Seymour, Henry’s late queen.

“These books are 500 years old, but only now can we see how their images were manipulated,” said Dr. Harry Spillane. “It reflects issues we still discuss today: deepfakes, image editing, controlling the narrative.”

Though the text is nearly identical in both volumes, the illustrations differ. Dr. Suzanne Paul of Cambridge University Library said pigment analysis may help trace their origins and reveal the “chemical signatures” of artists who never signed their names.

The Great Bible, ordered by Henry VIII to be placed in every parish, also led to the 1588 Welsh translation by William Morgan—a cornerstone in preserving the Welsh language.

“These Bibles may not be brought together again for a long time,” said Maredudd ap Huw, curator of manuscripts. “It’s a rare chance to see two milestones in Tudor history.”

The exhibition runs through November 22.