China criticised Pope Francis over a passage in his new book in which he mentions suffering by China's Uighur Muslim minority group.
Foreign ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian said Francis' remarks had "no factual basis at all".
"People of all ethnic groups enjoy the full rights of survival, development, and freedom of religious belief," Mr Zhao said at a daily briefing on Tuesday.
Mr Zhao made no mention of the camps in which more than one million Uighurs and members of other Chinese Muslim minority groups have been held.
The US and other governments, along with human rights groups, say the prison-like facilities are intended to divide Muslims from their religious and cultural heritage, forcing them to declare loyalty to China's ruling Communist Party and its leader, Xi Jinping.
China, which initially denied the existence of the facilities, now says they are centres intended to provide job training and prevent terrorism and religious extremism on a voluntary basis.
In his new book Let Us Dream, due on December 1, Francis listed the "poor Uighurs" among examples of groups persecuted for their faith.
Francis wrote about the need to see the world from the peripheries and the margins of society, "to places of sin and misery, of exclusion and suffering, of illness and solitude".
In such places of suffering, "I think often of persecuted peoples: the Rohingya, the poor Uighurs, the Yazidi - what Isis did to them was truly cruel - or Christians in Egypt and Pakistan killed by bombs that went off while they prayed in church", Francis wrote.
Francis has declined to criticise China for its crackdown on religious minorities, including Catholics, much to the dismay of the Trump administration and human rights groups.
The Vatican last month renewed its controversial agreement with Beijing on nominating Catholic bishops, and Francis has been careful to not say or do anything to offend the Chinese government on the subject.
China and the Vatican have had no formal relations since the Communist Party cut ties and arrested Catholic clerics soon after seizing power in 1949.
