Friends of Richmond Park is calling for construction of the 42 storey tower in Stratford, east London, to be temporarily stopped while Mayor of London Sadiq Khan holds an "urgent" review.
Chairman, Ron Crompton, said: "We know thousands of people are very upset by this and that a view so important to Londoners will be spoilt for many generations."
Friends of Richmond Park claim the development breaks London View Management Framework (LVMF) rules concerning the view of St Paul's from King Henry's Mound at Richmond Park.
LVMF documents concerning the view state: "In determining applications, it is essential that development in the background of the view is subordinate to the Cathedral and that the clear sky background profile of the upper part of the dome remains."
The Manhattan Loft Gardens project, under construction adjacent to the Olympic Park in Stratford, includes 250 apartments and a 150 room hotel.
Ron Compton from Friends of Richmond Park added: "It's a tragedy that such a wonderful and iconic protected view, between two of London's most historic landmarks and created over 300 years ago, should be destroyed not just for today but for many years to come.
"The failed process to protect this famous view calls into doubt the adequacy and validity of the London View Management Framework process.
"We call upon the London Mayor and the Secretary of State to urgently look into why no objections were raised and why the LVMF directives were not applied to this site."
A spokesperson for the Manhattan Loft Corporation told the Architects' Journal the developer went through a transparent and public process to secure planning permission.
A spokesman for the Mayor of London told Premier: "We are currently looking into the issues involved with this development."