During an interview with the Guardian, he said the country was "not a country at ease with itself", adding Britons are "peering into lots of abysses at the moment" ahead of next month's general election.
As well as warning of uncertainty, Rowan Williams also highlighted the dangers of "messianic leadership" arising as a result of disillusionment or disengagement with politics.
He pointed to a new edition of the 1943 book, 'Darkness Over Germany: a Warning from History' which journals the development of fascism during the 1930s.
He said: "One of the things [the author] notes is the deep disillusion in politics, and the romantic, idealistic feeling that if we get the right leader, then things will change.
"As trust in conventional politics goes down, expectations of messianic leadership go up."
Asked whether such a phenomena could be linked with the rise of US President Donald Trump, Williams went on to tell the Guardian: "That's right. But history never just repeats itself.
"Whatever happens next, it's not going to be a rerun of Germany in the 1930s. But some of the symptoms, and some of things we ought to be learning from, are still there.
"When you lose confidence in political process, that's when some very strange people come out of the woodwork."
Referring to the role of the Church, he added: "The job of Christian communities is to keep arguing, keep nudging.
"The church is obliged to be both a good and an awkward neighbour to the state. It earns its place in a plural state by asking certain unwelcome questions."